Proper commercial water heater installation establishes your business or facility's reliable hot water supply. However, it is a complex process that requires careful planning, proper sizing, and professional expertise for safety and efficiency.
While this guide offers an overview of the process, it’s important to consult a licensed professional to handle the installation, especially in commercial settings with high stakes. From selecting the right equipment to maintaining code compliance, here’s what goes into the process.
Determine the Right Type and Size
Commercial environments typically require larger units capable of handling higher demand. Here’s how to make the best decision:
- Assess Hot Water Demand: The number of bathrooms, kitchen usage, and overall occupancy should guide your selection. If you run a hotel, restaurant, or any other business that uses a lot of hot water, you need a system that can keep up with demand without running out.
- Choose Between Gas or Electric Heaters: The type of fuel available in your location will largely determine whether you select a gas, electric, or oil-fired water heater. Gas water heaters are common in areas with natural gas. Electric heaters are ideal if access to gas is limited.
- Opt for a Storage Tank Water Heater: In most commercial settings, storage tank water heaters are preferred because they quickly provide large amounts of hot water. These systems store heated water in a tank, making it readily available.
- Sizing the Water Heater: A commercial water heater sizing calculator can help you determine the appropriate tank size and heating capacity based on your business’s needs. Underestimating the size could result in insufficient hot water, while oversizing can increase operational costs unnecessarily.
Select the Installation Location
Choosing the right location for your water heater is just as important as selecting the correct unit. Here are the key factors to consider:
- Well-Ventilated Area: For gas heaters, proper ventilation is critical to allow combustion gases to escape safely. Make sure the installation area has adequate ventilation or access to an exhaust system.
- Proximity to Gas or Electrical Supply: Position the water heater near the electrical panel or gas supply to simplify the installation process. This reduces the need for extensive wiring or piping.
- Sufficient Space for Maintenance: Guarantee enough room around the water heater for maintenance and repairs. You’ll want easy access to all connections and components. Planning for future replacement is also important. Make sure the unit can be easily removed and replaced.
- Avoid Combustible Materials: The heater should not be installed near flammable or combustible materials, as this can be a safety hazard, especially with gas heaters.
Turn Off The Power and Water Supply
Before you begin installing the new water heater, it’s important to disconnect the old unit safely. Here’s what to do:
- Shut Off Power: If replacing an electric water heater, turn off the power at the electrical panel to prevent electrical shocks. For gas heaters, turn off the gas supply.
- Turn Off Water Supply: Shut off the cold water supply to the water heater to prevent leaks during removal. This will make the disconnection process smoother and cleaner.
Remove the Old Water Heater
Once the power and water supplies are turned off, the next step is to remove the old water heater:
- Disconnect Electrical Wiring or Gas Supply: If it’s an electric heater, disconnect the electrical wiring. For gas heaters, disconnect the gas line. Make sure to handle these tasks with care, as improper handling can cause gas leaks or electrical issues.
- Disconnect Water Supply Lines: Use a pipe wrench to disconnect the water supply lines. Be prepared for any residual water in the system to drain out.
- Remove the Old Heater: Carefully lift and remove the old water heater from its location. It’s often best to have help, as commercial water heaters can be large and heavy.
Install the New Water Heater
Now that the old unit is out of the way, it’s time to install the new one. Here’s how to do it step by step:
- Position the New Heater: Place the new water heater in the selected installation location. Make sure that it is level and stable to prevent future operational issues.
- Connect Water Supply Lines: Reconnect the cold and hot water supply lines, tightening the fittings with a pipe wrench. Proper sealing is important to prevent leaks.
- Connect the Gas Line or Electrical Wiring: If you’re installing a gas heater, the gas line connection should include a dip leg, shut-off valve, and union. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for electric heaters to safely secure the electrical connections.
Install Necessary Accessories
Certain accessories and components are essential for a fully functional commercial water heater system:
- Pressure Relief Valve: This safety valve prevents pressure buildup inside the tank. Install the valve according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Then, run the discharge line downward to an approved drain.
- Expansion Tank: If the system is closed (meaning it uses a check valve or pressure-reducing valve), install an expansion tank. This helps to accommodate water expansion as it heats up.
- Drain Pan: Place a drain pan beneath the water heater, especially if it’s installed on a floor other than concrete. The pan will catch any potential leaks and protect the surrounding area from water damage.
Fill and Test the Water Heater
Once everything is connected, it’s time to fill the water heater:
- Open a Hot Water Faucet: This will allow air to escape from the system as the tank fills with water. Let the tank fill completely before testing the heater.
- Check for Leaks: Inspect all connections, including the water supply lines and gas or electrical connections, for any signs of leakage. Tighten any fittings as necessary.
Set the Temperature
After the water heater is installed and filled, it’s important to set the thermostat to the proper temperature:
- Adjust the Thermostat: Set the temperature to around 120°F (49°C), which is recommended for most commercial settings. This introduces hot water without being scalding for both comfort and safety.
Perform Start-up and Testing
With the water heater fully installed, it’s time to perform the initial start-up:
- Follow Manufacturer’s Start-Up Instructions: Each water heater model will have its own start-up procedures, so be sure to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines carefully.
- Test Safety Features and Controls: Check that all safety features including the pressure relief valve and thermostat, are functioning properly. Test the controls to ensure the water heater operates as expected.
Insulate the Tank and Piping
To improve the efficiency of your commercial water heater system, consider adding insulation:
- Insulate the Storage Tank: This will help minimize heat loss, keep water warmer for longer, and reduce energy consumption.
- Insulate Hot Water Pipes: Insulating the hot water pipes reduces heat loss as the water travels from the heater to the point of use. This also helps prevent potential fire hazards.
When to Seek Professional Help
While certain aspects of commercial water heater installation can be manageable for those with the proper skills, professional assistance is often essential. Professionals bring the necessary knowledge to handle complex elements like gas line connections for safe and efficient operation. Professionals can also accurately size the system to meet peak demand, which is particularly important in commercial settings like hotels, restaurants, and laundromats.
A licensed professional is invaluable if the installation involves a cascading setup of multiple tankless units for larger flow rates or must adhere to local regulations. Additionally, seeking expert help is recommended for troubleshooting post-installation issues and conducting routine maintenance, both of which can significantly extend the lifespan of your commercial water heater.
We specialize in commercial and residential water heater installation and repair at Water Heaters Now. Our experienced team is committed to providing fast, reliable service to ensure your business always has a steady hot water supply. If you’re ready for a professional installation or need help with maintenance, contact us today for expert assistance!
