Choosing the Best: Electric or Gas Tankless Water Heater?

When it comes to selecting a new water heater, the choice between an electric and a gas tankless water heater option can feel overwhelming.

There are several factors to consider to make the right decision for your home’s needs. From installation costs and availability of natural gas or electrical supply to operating costs, efficiency, and anticipated water usage, each factor plays a role in determining the best choice for you.

How Do Electric and Gas Tankless Water Heaters Heat Water?

Electric Tankless Water Heaters

Electric tankless water heaters use metal heating elements that are activated by electricity when hot water is needed. These elements heat water instantaneously as it flows through the unit. It provides an uninterrupted hot water supply. The absence of a storage tank means less energy is wasted keeping water hot when it’s not needed.

Gas Tankless Water Heaters

Gas models heat water through combustion. When the unit detects water flow, it opens a gas valve that allows natural gas or propane to ignite a burner. The heat from the burner is transferred to a heat exchanger. This warms the water as it passes through. Gas units are ideal for homes with high water demand since they generally have faster recovery times and higher flow rates.

Cost Comparison: Electric vs. Gas Tankless Water Heaters

Initial costs for both types of tankless water heaters vary based on the unit and installation needs.

The cost of electric tankless water heaters without installation typically ranges from $400 to $2,500. When factoring in installation, the total cost can increase to between $1,800 and $7,200. This depends on the model and any required electrical upgrades.

In comparison, gas tankless water heaters are generally more expensive. Without installation, they range from $1,200 to $2,900. The total cost with installation can be significantly higher. It falls between $4,800 and $8,500, due to the need for venting and gas line work. Thus, while electric models offer lower upfront costs, gas models tend to be more expensive overall, especially when installation is included.

Electric units tend to have a lower upfront cost and are cheaper to install since they don’t require venting or gas line connections. While more expensive to install, gas tankless heaters provide better water flow rates and can meet higher water demands, especially for larger homes.

Efficiency Comparison

When comparing efficiency, electric tankless water heaters generally outperform gas models. Most electric units boast a UEF rating of 0.96 or higher. This means they convert nearly all the energy they use into heating water. This efficiency helps reduce overall energy consumption and utility costs, particularly in areas where electricity rates are low.

On the other hand, gas models tend to have slightly lower UEF ratings. They range from 0.81 to 0.96. However, they are still far more efficient than traditional storage tank heaters. Gas units are also a better fit for regions where natural gas is inexpensive, as this can offset the slightly lower efficiency rating.

Electric tankless water heaters typically have a higher efficiency rating, with a UEF (Uniform Energy Factor) of 0.96 or higher. This makes them not only more energy-efficient but also more environmentally friendly. They produce lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to gas models.

In contrast, gas tankless water heaters have a slightly lower efficiency rating, usually between 0.81 and 0.96 UEF. While still efficient, they tend to produce more emissions due to the combustion process. It makes them less eco-friendly than their electric counterparts.

Water Flow Rates

Gas tankless water heaters generally offer higher water flow rates compared to electric models. They are a better option for larger homes or households with multiple bathrooms. A gas tankless water heater can typically provide between 5 and 10+ GPM. This allows for several showers, dishwashers, and washing machines to run simultaneously without a drop in water temperature.

Electric models typically provide between 2 and 5 GPM. While this may be sufficient for smaller households or homes with lower water usage, it may not meet the demands of larger families with multiple hot water needs at once.

Determining Your Water Flow Needs

To decide which type of tankless water heater is right for your home, consider your household’s hot water usage. For example:

• A single shower typically requires 2 GPM.
• A dishwasher uses about 1.5 GPM.
• A washing machine needs about 2 GPM.

If you expect to run multiple appliances or showers at the same time, a higher GPM rating (5+ GPM) would be necessary, making a gas tankless water heater a better fit.

Installation Considerations

Electric Tankless Water Heater Installation

Electric tankless water heaters are generally easier and less expensive to install. They don’t require venting, which means they can be installed in smaller spaces such as closets or utility rooms. The only potential drawback is that they may require an electrical upgrade to handle the unit’s power demands, especially for larger models.

Gas Tankless Water Heater Installation

Gas tankless water heaters require more complex installation due to the need for proper venting and gas line hookups. These units must be vented outside to release the byproducts of combustion. This may involve additional installation costs. It’s important to have a licensed professional handle the installation to maintain safety and compliance with local building codes.

When it comes to installation, electric tankless water heaters are generally easier and less expensive to set up because they don’t require venting. This flexibility allows them to be installed in tighter spaces like closets or utility rooms. However, larger models might need an electrical system upgrade to handle their power requirements.

Gas tankless water heaters require more complex installations due to the need for venting and proper gas line hookups. These units must be vented to the outside to release combustion byproducts, which can increase installation costs safely.

Additionally, gas models usually need more installation space compared to electric units. They are less versatile in terms of placement. Therefore, while electric units offer lower installation costs and greater flexibility, gas units often involve higher costs due to the additional requirements for gas lines and ventilation.

Both systems have their advantages depending on your specific installation needs and available space.

Maintenance and Longevity

Maintenance Requirements

Electric tankless water heaters typically require less maintenance than gas units. Since they don’t have any combustion components, there’s no need to worry about venting systems or gas lines. Routine maintenance for electric models mainly involves descaling the unit to prevent mineral buildup.

On the other hand, gas tankless water heaters need more frequent maintenance to keep the gas burners and venting system in good working condition. Regular inspections by a professional are recommended to maintain safe operation and efficiency.

Expected Lifespan

Both electric and gas tankless water heaters are known for their longevity, with an average lifespan of 15 to 20 years. This is significantly longer than traditional storage tank water heaters.

Environmental Impact

Electric tankless water heaters are often considered the more environmentally friendly option due to their lower greenhouse gas emissions. Because they don’t rely on combustion, they don’t produce harmful emissions like carbon dioxide. In areas where renewable energy sources power the electric grid, using an electric tankless water heater can greatly reduce your home’s carbon footprint.

Gas models still produce some greenhouse gases during the combustion process. If reducing your environmental impact is a priority, an electric model may be a better choice.

Availability of Natural Gas/Propane or Electrical Supply

When considering whether to choose an electric or gas tankless water heater, one crucial factor to take into account is the availability of a natural gas, propane, or electrical supply in your home or area. The type of energy source you have access to will determine the options that are viable for installation.

If your home has an existing natural gas or propane line, it may be more convenient and cost-effective to opt for a gas tankless water heater. These units can directly utilize the existing gas supply, eliminating the need for additional electrical infrastructure. On the other hand, if natural gas or propane is not readily available, an electric tankless water heater would be a suitable alternative.

Similarly, if your home has a reliable electrical supply, an electric tankless water heater is a viable choice. These units operate solely on electricity and do not require gas or propane connections. However, if you have limited electrical capacity or frequent power outages in your area, a gas tankless water heater may be a more practical option.

Benefits of Natural Gas and Propane:

• Lower operating costs compared to electricity in certain areas
• Higher water heating capacity, suitable for larger households or commercial use
• Less dependent on electrical infrastructure and power supply

Benefits of Electrical Supply:

• Availability in most areas, even in regions without natural gas or propane access
• Lower upfront installation costs compared to gas units
• No emission of greenhouse gases during operation

Assessing the energy options in your location can help guide your decision and ensure a seamless and efficient installation.

Comparing Installation Requirements

To better understand the differences in installation requirements between electric and gas tankless water heaters, let’s take a look at the following table:

Electric tankless water heaters offer higher installation flexibility, as they do not require venting or air supply systems. This makes them easier to install in various locations within a home or building. Conversely, gas tankless water heaters have more complex installation requirements, resulting in longer installation times and higher costs.

When determining the desired location for your tankless water heater, it’s important to consider factors such as accessibility, available space, and the overall layout of your home or building. Consulting with a professional plumber or installation technician can provide valuable insights and help you make an informed decision based on your specific installation requirements.

Comparing Tankless Water Heater Capacities

Tankless Water Heater Type Capacity Electric 4-8 gallons per minute Gas 10+ gallons per minute

As shown in the table above, gas tankless water heaters typically have a higher capacity compared to electric models. This means they can deliver a larger volume of hot water per minute, making them suitable for situations where hot water demand is high. On the other hand, electric tankless water heaters are better suited for average households with lower water demands.

Personal Preference

When it comes to choosing a tankless water heater, personal preference plays a significant role. Every homeowner has their own unique needs and priorities, which can influence their decision between an electric or gas tankless water heater. Some factors that may affect personal preference include lifestyle, budget, and environmental concerns.

For homeowners who prioritize simplicity and lower maintenance, an electric tankless water heater may be the preferred choice. Electric models are compact and do not require ventilation, making them easier to install and maintain. Additionally, electric tankless water heaters are generally less expensive in terms of initial costs.

On the other hand, homeowners with larger water demands or those who prioritize high water heating capacity may lean towards gas tankless water heaters. Gas models typically have a larger capacity, making them suitable for larger households or businesses. Furthermore, gas tankless water heaters may offer potential cost savings in areas where the price of gas is lower than electricity.

Table: Electric vs. Gas Tankless Water Heater

Ultimately, the choice between an electric and a gas tankless water heater comes down to individual preferences and needs. Consider factors such as budget, water usage, installation complexity, and long-term operating costs.

Carefully evaluating these aspects allows homeowners to make an informed decision that aligns with their personal preferences.

Tankless Water Heater Installation

When it comes to installing a tankless water heater, the process can differ depending on whether you choose an electric or gas model. Gas tankless water heaters typically require more complex venting and air supply systems, which can make the installation process more expensive and time-consuming. On the other hand, electric tankless water heaters are smaller and do not require ventilation, making the installation process typically easier and less costly.

If you decide to install a gas tankless water heater, it’s important to hire a professional plumber or HVAC technician who is experienced in working with gas appliances. They will ensure that all connections are properly sealed and that the unit is safely vented to the outside. Additionally, they will be able to handle any necessary gas line installations or modifications to ensure a smooth and efficient installation.

For electric tankless water heaters, the installation process is generally simpler. These units can often be mounted on a wall near the point of use, such as under a sink or in a utility closet. However, it’s still important to follow manufacturer guidelines and local building codes to ensure a proper installation. In some cases, you may need to upgrade your electrical panel or wiring to accommodate the increased power demand of an electric tankless water heater.

Whether you choose an electric or gas tankless water heater, it’s best to consult with a professional installer who can assess your specific needs and provide expert guidance. They will ensure that your new tankless water heater is installed correctly, safely, and in a way that maximizes its efficiency and performance.

Maintenance of Tankless Water Heaters

Maintaining your tankless water heater is crucial to ensure its optimal performance and longevity. Regular maintenance can help prevent issues and extend the lifespan of your unit. Here are some key maintenance tasks to keep in mind:

1. Inspecting the unit: Regularly check for any signs of damage or leaks in the water and gas lines, as well as the venting system. If you notice any issues, it’s important to address them promptly.
2. Cleaning the inlet filter: Electric tankless water heaters usually have an inlet filter that can collect sediment and debris over time. Cleaning or replacing the filter annually will help maintain proper water flow and prevent clogs.
3. Flushing the system: Flushing the unit annually can remove any mineral deposits or scale buildup that may accumulate inside the heat exchanger. This process will help maintain the efficiency of your tankless water heater.
4. Professional inspection: It’s recommended to have your gas tankless water heater inspected by a qualified professional once a year. They can thoroughly assess the unit, check for any potential issues, and ensure its safe operation.

Following these maintenance tasks can help keep your tankless water heater running smoothly and efficiently. It’s essential to consult the manufacturer’s guidelines for specific maintenance instructions tailored to your unit. By taking proper care of your tankless water heater, you can enjoy continuous hot water and maximize its lifespan.

Tankless Water Heaters and Water Usage

When considering a tankless water heater, it’s important to understand how it can meet your specific water usage needs. Gas tankless water heaters, with their larger capacities, are well-suited for high-demand situations, such as in businesses or large families. On the other hand, electric tankless water heaters typically provide sufficient water for the needs of an average family.

Gas tankless water heaters can offer a flow rate of 4-8 gallons per minute, ensuring a steady supply of hot water for multiple points of use simultaneously. This makes them ideal for scenarios where hot water is needed in multiple bathrooms or for running appliances, such as dishwashers and washing machines, simultaneously. Electric tankless water heaters, while providing a slightly lower flow rate, still offer ample hot water for everyday needs.

Ultimately, the decision between gas and electric tankless water heaters will depend on your specific water usage requirements. If you have a larger household or business with high hot water demands, a gas tankless water heater may be a more suitable choice. However, if your water usage is more typical or you prioritize simplicity and lower maintenance, an electric tankless water heater may be the best fit for your needs.

The Bottom Line

After carefully considering the various factors, it’s clear that choosing the right water heater for your needs involves weighing the pros and cons of electric and gas tankless options. Both types offer their own advantages and considerations, making it important to evaluate your specific requirements.

Electric tankless water heaters are often more cost-effective in terms of installation and maintenance. They are easier to install, require less maintenance, and generally have lower upfront costs. Additionally, electric models are typically more suitable for average households with lower water demands.

On the other hand, gas tankless water heaters provide higher water heating capacities, making them ideal for larger households or businesses with greater water usage needs. While they may have higher installation costs and require more complex venting systems, gas models offer greater heating capacity and can meet the demands of high-water-usage scenarios.

Ultimately, opting for an energy-efficient tankless water heater is a smart choice, as it can save you money on energy bills and help reduce carbon emissions. Consider your specific requirements, such as installation costs, water usage needs, and personal preferences, to make an informed decision between electric or gas tankless water heaters.

FAQ

What factors should I consider when deciding between an electric and gas tankless water heater?

Factors to consider include the total cost of installation, availability of natural gas or electrical supply, the difference in cost between the two options, the desired location for installation, cost of gas versus electricity in your area, anticipated water usage, and personal preference.

How does the total cost of installation vary between electric and gas tankless water heaters?

The total cost of installation includes the cost of the unit and any additional costs for installation, such as venting and gas supply lines for gas tankless water heaters.

What should I consider regarding the availability of natural gas or electrical supply?

If your home does not have access to natural gas, you may need to consider an electric or propane tankless water heater instead.

How does the cost of electric and gas tankless water heaters differ?

Generally, electric tankless water heaters have lower initial costs compared to gas tankless water heaters. However, the cost of operating each type can also impact the overall cost difference.

How does the desired location for installation affect the choice between electric and gas tankless water heaters?

Gas tankless water heaters require more complex venting systems and air supply requirements, while electric tankless water heaters are smaller and can often be located closer to the point of use, reducing installation costs.

How does the cost of gas versus electricity in my area impact the choice between electric and gas tankless water heaters?

Gas prices tend to fluctuate more than electricity prices, and the cost difference can impact the operating expenses of each type of water heater.

What role does anticipated water usage play in choosing a tankless water heater?

Gas tankless water heaters typically have larger capacities, making them suitable for larger demands, such as in a business setting or for large families. Electric tankless water heaters may be sufficient for average households with lower water demands.